Timeline 1944
January
January 3rd - In southern Russia, the 1st
Tank Army is approaching Uman and the 3rd Guards Tank Army is approaching Vinnitsa.
The 3rd Ukrainian Front is assaulting Kirovograd with its 5th Guards, 7th Guards
and 53rd Armies, tying down elements of the 40th Panzer and 52nd Corps in the
process.
January 5th - In southern Russia, the 3rd Guards Tank and 18th Armies
capture Berdichev. The 2nd Ukrainian Front opens its offensive against the German
8th Army in the western Ukraine. Its 4th Guards, 52nd and 53rd Armies attack
in the Kirovograd sector, with the 5th and 7th Guards Armies attacking further
south.
January 8th - In southern Russia, the 2nd Ukrainian Fronts 5th Guards
Tank Army, captures Kirovograd.
January 10th - In central Russia, the Belorussian Front's 61st and 70th
Armies, launch a minor offensive against the German 2nd Army.
In southern Russia, the 3rd Ukrainian Front commences its offensive against
the German 6th Army in the Dnepr elbow.
January 11th - In southern Russia, the 4th Ukrainian Front begins its
offensive in the Dnepr elbow, its 3rd Guards and 5th Shock Armies attacking
the positions of the German 4th and 17th Corps.
January 12th - In northern Russia, the 1st Baltic Front's 3rd Shock and
10th Guards Armies launch an attack against the German 16th Army near Novosokolinikov.
In southern Russia, the Russian 13th Army captures Sarny and the 60th Army approaches
Shepetovka. There is also fierce fighting around Nikopol as the 3rd Guards and
6th Armies continue their advance westwards.
January 14th - In northern Russia, the offensive by the Leningrad and
Volkhov Fronts to free Leningrad begins. The 2nd Shock Army launches an assault
from the Oranienbaum bridgehead against the 3rd SS Panzer Corps.
January 15th - The 42nd and 67th Armies join the offensive around Leningrad,
launching attacks against the German 54th and 26th Corps. As the offensive gains
momentum, the Russian 8th Army advances towards Mga, the 54th Army towards Lyuban
and the 59th Army towards Novgorod.
January 19th - The 2nd Shock and 42nd Armies
join up at Ropsha, finally breaking the Leningrad siege. Elements of the 42nd
Army also captures Krasnoye Selo, while the 59th Army surrounds elements of
the German 38th Corps in Novgorod.
January 20th - The remnants of the Novgorod garrison, including elements
of the 1st Luftwaffe Field and 28th Infantry Divisions, break out and evacuate
the city.
January 21st - Elements of the 8th Army capture Mga.
January 24th - In northern Russia, the Russian 2nd Shock Army cuts the
railway line to Narva, while elements of the 42nd Army captures Pushkin and
Pashovsk.
Meanwhile, in southern Russia, Russian forces begin the Korsun-Shevchenkovskii
operation against German 11th and 42nd Corps, which were occupying the Cherkassy
salient. The operation is mounted by the 1st Ukrainian Front's 27th Army which
assaults the western perimeter of the salient, while the 2nd Ukrainian Front's
4th Guards, 52nd and 53rd Armies attack further to the east.
February
February 1st - In northern Russia, the
2nd Shock Army captures Kingisepp, as the 59th Army drives into the right
flank of the retreating 18th Army, despite the efforts of the German 1st Corps,
which mounts an ineffective counterattack in an attempt to slow the Russian
advance.
Meanwhile, in southern Russia, the 47th Panzer Corps begins its relief attempt
of the Cherkassy pocket.
February 3rd - In northern Russia, the 3rd SS Panzer Corps finally
manages to hold the River Narva line against attacks by the 2nd Shock Army.
February 5th - In southern Russia, the 13th and 60th Armies capture
Rovno and Lutsk, while the 46th Army liberates Apostolovo.
February 7th - In southern Russia, the 3rd Guards and 6th Armies capture
Nikopol, while the 8th Guards and 46th Armies drive into the rear of the German
6th Army.
February 13th - In northern Russia, the 54th, 59th and 67th Armies
complete the capture of Luga, Polna and Lyady. STAVKA disbands the Volkhov
Front and incorporates its units into the Leningrad Front.
In southern Russia, German forces inside the Cherkassy pocket capture Shenderovka,
while outside the pocket elements of the 3rd Panzer Corps are held at Lysyanka.
February 16th - German forces trapped in the Cherkassy pocket begin
their desperate attempt to break out.
February 18th - In northern Russia, the 1st Shock Army captures Staraya
Russa.
February 22nd - Elements of the 1st Shock and 54th Armies capture Dno.
In southern Russia, the 3rd Guards and 5th Shock Armies capture Krivoi Rog.
This
vehicle was introduced in an effort to match the firepower of heavier German
tanks. It was fitted
with the 85mm ZIS-53 gun. The
size of the vehicle chassis
was increased slightly in order to mount an enlarged cast turret, which housed
the new gun. The number of crew was increased to three, improving the vehicles
operational efficiency and the main armour thickness was again increased to
120mm.
March 4th - In southern Russia, the 1st
Ukrainian Front opens its Proskurov-Chernovits offensive against the 1st Panzer
and 4th Armies. Elements of the 1st Guards and 60th Armies rapidly break through
the German lines.
March 5th - In southern Russia, the 2nd Ukrainian Front opens the Uman-Botoshany
Offensive. Its 5th Guards Army, supported by the 2nd Tank and 5th Guards Tank
Armies, attack the right flank of the German 8th Army.
March 6th - In southern Russia, the 3rd Ukrainian Front's Bereznegovatoe-Snigirovka
offensive begins. The 8th Guards and 46th Armies attack the junction of the
German 8th and 6th Armies.
March 8th - Following secret meetings, the Finns reject the offer of
a Russian armistice on account of the harshness of Moscow's terms.
March 10th - The 1st Guards Army is involved in fierce fighting at
Tarnopol. Uman is captured by elements of the 2nd Tank Army as the 3rd Ukrainian
Front heads for the River Bug.
March 11th - In southern Russia, the 48th Panzer Corps counterattacks
the 1st Ukrainian Front at Cherny Ostrov, temporarily halting the Russian
advance. The 2nd Ukrainian's Fronts 2nd Tank Army crosses the River Bug at
Dzhulinka while the 6th Tank Army also forces a crossing at Grayvoron.
March 14th - In southern Russia, the Russian 8th and 28th Armies link
up at Nikolayev, trapping elements of the 29th Corps.
March 19th - In southern Russia, the 47th Army captures Kovel, while
the 2nd Tank Army liberates Soroki and the 6th Tank Army reaches the River
Dniester. The 1st Panzer Army is facing encirclement between Mogilev Podolsky
and Tarnopol.
German forces occupy Hungary, following reports that the countries government
and armed forces have been clandestinely dealing with the enemy. With the
possibility that Hungary might conclude a separate peace, Hitler has ordered
its occupation and attempts to force its government to increase its contribution
to the war effort. The prime minister, Miklos Kallay flees to Turkey and the
Germans install Dome Sztojay, a pro-Nazi, to become the new prime minister.
March 20th - In southern Russia, the 1st and 4th Tank Armies capture
Vinnitsa, while the 6th Tank Army liberates Mogilev Podolsky.
March 24th - The 1st Tank Army reaches the River Dniester at Zaleschik,
effectively cutting off the western escape route of the 1st Panzer Army. The
40th Army reaches the River Prut near Lipkany.
March 27th - The 4th Tank Army captures Kamenets Podolsk, completing
the encirclement of the 1st Panzer Army.
March 28th - The 6th Tank Army reaches Khotin, while the 1st Guards
Army finally breaks into Tarnopol.
April
This
improved variant of the vehicle was introduced following combat experience,
which showed that the original version suffered from internal armour flaking
when hit. The vehicle featured a redesigned hull with a straightened glacis
plate, which was sloped at 60°. The vehicle retained the 122mm D-25T gun
which was mounted in a new turret with a widened porthole and improved armour
protection on the tank's mantlet.
April 2nd - In southern Russia, the 4th
Tank Army crosses the River Prut near Chernovtsy.
April 4th - In southern Russia, the 59th Corps recaptures Kovel. In
the Kamenets Pocket, the 1st Panzer Army strikes west to link up with the
relief attack of the 1st and 2nd SS Panzer Corps.
April 7th - Elements of the 1st Panzer Army links up with the two SS
corps at Buchach.
April 8th - In southern Russia, the Russians begin their Crimean Offensive.
The 4th Ukrainian Front attacks the German 11th, 50th and 336th Infantry Divisions
and the Romanian 10th Infantry Division of the 17th Army.
April 9th - In southern Russia, the 5th Shock, 6th and 8th Guards Armies
begin their assault on Odessa and capture most of the city by the day's end.
April 10th - In the Crimea, the German 49th Mountain Corps begins to
give ground following heavy attacks by elements of the 2nd Guards Army. The
51st Army breaks through the positions of the Romanian 10th Division.
April 13th - In the Crimea, the 51st Army has reached the outskirts
of Simferopol, Feodosia falls to forces of the Independent Coastal Army and
the 2nd Guards Army captures Evatoria.
April 16th - In Poland, the remnants of the surrounded garrison at
Tarnopol begin their attempt to breakout, but the operation is a disaster
and most of the German troops are either killed or captured.
April 17th - In the Crimea, elements of the Independent Coastal Army
begin their assault on the southern perimeter of the port of Sevastopol. German
forces begin to evacuate the city by sea.
May
May 7th - To the north of Sevastopol,
the 51st Army launches an attack against the 5th Corps on the Sapun Heights
and breaks into the Inkerman Valley.
May 8th - As elements of the 51st Army break into Sevastopol, the German
garrison retreats to the Khersonese Peninsula. The city falls the next day.
May 12th - The German defence collapses on the Khersonese Peninsula.
The remnants of the German 17th Army surrenders to Russian forces.
May 31st - Aircraft of the US 15th Air Force mount a bombing raid against
oil refineries and communications targets in the Ploesti area of Romania.
June
This
vehicle was based on the standard Panther chassis,
with the superstructure being an extension of the upper front hull. The new
superstructure housed the fighting compartment, in which was mounted the 88mm
Pak 43/3 L/71 gun, fitted into a 100mm armored mantlet.
June 6th - As part of the ongoing Operation
Frantic, American aircraft of the US 15th Air Force, operating from Italy,
attack the airfield at Galati in Romania and then return to Russian airfields.
June 10th - In Finland, the Russians Karelian Offensive begins. The
21st Army opens the attack and drives Finnish forces back across the Sestra
River.
June 13th - In Finland, the 23rd Army joins the offensive capturing
Terijiko and Yalkena.
June 19th - In preparation for the forthcoming operation Bagration,
Partisan forces operating behind Army Group Centre begin concentrated attacks
against German railway lines, communication centres and supply facilities.
Their main effort is directed against the supply lines of the 3rd Panzer Army.
The operation is highly successful, causing considerable disruption in the
German rear areas.
June 20th - In Finland, the Russian 59th Army captures Viipuri and
then continues its advance via Tali and Vuosalmi, towards the Bay of Viipuri.
June 21st - In Finland, forces of the Russian Karelian Front begin
their offensive against German positions along the Svir River, with elements
of the 7th and 32nd Armies leading the assault.
June 22nd - In central Russia, operation Bagration begins, with the
aim of destroying Army Group Center and eliminating the large German salient
in Belorussia that bulges into the east.
Russian forces assembled for the offensive comprise, on the northern flank,
the 1st Baltic Front consisting of the 4th Shock, 6th and 43rd Armies. To
the south stands the 3rd Belorussian Front, formed from the 5th, 5th Guards
Tank, 11th Guards, 31st and 39th Armies. In the center is the 2nd Belorussian
Front, which is comprised of the 33rd, 49th and 50th Armies. To its south
is the 1st Belorussian Front, which consists of the 3rd, 28th, 48th, 61st
and 65th Armies.
The 1st Baltic and 3rd Belorussian Fronts are tasked with breaking into the
flanks of the 3rd Panzer Army, with the 3rd Belorussian Front striking towards
Minsk, while the 1st Belorussian Front will attempt to encircle the German
9th Army at Bobruisk and then join up with the 3rd Belorussian at Minsk.
Army Group Center, occupying the salient, consists of the 3rd Panzer Army
in the north around Vitebsk, comprised by the 6th, 9th and 53rd Corps, the
4th Army in the center around Mogilev, consisting of the 12th, 27th and 39th
Corps, the 9th Army in the south around Bobruisk, comprised by the 35th, 41st
and 55th Corps and the 2nd Army to the south west of Minsk, which consists
of the 8th, 20th and 23rd Corps.
The operation is preceded by massive air and artillery bombardments and the
German 6th and 9th Corps are quickly forced to retreat, as the front is breached
around Vitebsk. By the end of the day the 3rd Panzer Army's flanks have been
largely destroyed.
In southern Russia, the Luftwaffe launches a surprise air raid against the
US air base at Poltava. The 15th Air Force suffers heavy losses in aircraft
and material. The incident further sours US-Soviet relations.
In Finland, following continued Russian successes, the Finnish Government
reopens contacts with Moscow in an effort to bring hostilities to an end.
June 23rd - In central Russia, the 6th Guards and 43rd Armies break
through the German lines and head for the Dvina River, cutting the road west
out of Vitebsk. The German 6th Corps suffers heavy losses, while near Orsha
the 5th, 11th Guards and 31st Armies pressure the German 27th Corps. The 2nd
Belorussian Front's 33rd, 49th and 50th Armies attack the German 4th Army
as they advance towards Orsha and Mogilev.
June 24th - As Bagration continues, the 6th Guards and 43rd Armies
cross the River Dvina, brushing aside a counterattack by the German 9th Corps.
The German 6th Corps has been largely destroyed by the 39th Army and the 53rd
Corps is now isolated in Vitebsk.
The 1st Belorussian Front opens its offensive with the 3rd and 8th Armies,
which quickly overwhelm the German 35th Corps. Soon the junction of the 4th
and 9th Armies is being prized apart by the Russian 3rd Army, prompting a
counterattack by the 20th Panzer Division in an attempt to restore the situation.
To the south, the 41st Corps is also forced to retreat.
June 25th - As the 43rd and 39th Armies converge to the west of Vitebsk,
the 53rd Corps attempts to break out to the south west of the city.
Further south around Mogilev, the 49th and 50th Armies overcome the German
39th Corps. The 1st Belorussian Front's 3rd and 48th Armies outflank the 35th
Corps, as the counterattack by the 20th Panzer Division in support of it fails.
June 26th - The Russian 39th Army captures Vitebsk, destroying the
remnants of the 53rd Corps. The German 4th Army begins to withdraw back towards
the Berezina River in disorder, pursued by the 5th Guards Tank Army, which
captures Tolochin. Further north, Orsha falls to the 11th Guards and 31st
Armies as the 49th Army forces a crossing of the Dnepr. In the south the 9th
Army begins to collapse and the 35th Corps becomes encircled at Bobruisk.
June 27th - In Finland the Russian 7th Army captures Petrozavodsk as
the Finns continue to fall back east of Lake Ladoga.
In central Russia, the remnants of the 9th Corps are withdrawing back towards
Polotsk, with the 6th Guards Army in pursuit. The Russian 3rd Army halts a
breakout attempt by elements of the 35th Corps from Bobruisk.
Further north, the 5th Panzer Division mounts a counter attack against the
5th Guards Tank Army near Borisov.
June 28th - As Russian forces drive west, the 1st Baltic Front's 43rd
Army captures Lepel, while the 2nd Belorussian Front's 49th and 50th Armies
capture Mogilev. The 5th Guards Tank Army reaches the Berezina River and forces
a crossing.
June 29th - The German 4th Army withdraws back across the River Drut,
but the remnants of the 35th Corps fails to break out of Bobruisk.
June 30th - The Russian 11th Guards and 5th Guards Tank Armies join
up at Borisov, cutting off the German 4th Army east of the Berezina River.
This
was the final variant of the PzKfw IV and was introduced in an effort to simplify
production methods. The electric turret drive with auxiliary generator set
was removed, which resulted in the turret having to be traversed manually
by hand. The generator was replaced by a 200l fuel tank, improving
the vehicles combat range to over 300km. The number
of return rollers supporting the tracks were reduced to three and a number
of hard to manufacture items were also deleted.
July
The
Marder was introduced as a light tank destroyer to replace
existing vehicles such as the Marder and less mobile towed anti-tank artillery.
Built on a widened PzKfw 38(t) chassis and fitted with a modified suspension,
the vehicle featured a low, well-sloped hull of welded construction, which
was mounted with the 75mm Pak 39 L/48 gun.
July 2nd - The 5th Guards Tank and 31st
Armies reach the eastern outskirts of Minsk, while the 3rd Army approaches
the city from the south.
July 3rd - Minsk falls to units of the 4th Guards Tank Brigade.
July 4th - In northern Russia, the 1st Baltic Front's 4th Shock Army
captures Polotsk, thus endangering the flank of the German 16th Army.
July 6th - In central Russia, elements of the Russian 47th Army capture
the Ukrainian city of Kovel.
July 10th - In Latvia, the 3rd Shock and 10th Guards Armies launch
an attack against the German 16th Army, while further south the 2nd Guards
and 4th Shock Armies advance to link up with the 6th Guards Army at Daugavpils.
July 12th - The 3rd Shock, 4th and 10th Guards Armies, force an 80km
gap in the 16th Army's front.
In Lithuania, elements of the 5th Army enter Vilnius, while the 11th Guards
Army forces a crossing of the River Niemen.
July 13th - In southern Russia, the 1st Ukrainian Front, consisting
of the 1st Guards, 1st Guards Tank, 3rd Guards, 3rd Guards Tank, 4th Tank,
5th Guards, 13th, 18th, 38th and 60th Armies, begins the Lvov-Sandomir offensive
against Army Group North Ukraine, in the areas of Brody, Zolochev and Radekhov.
July 14th - In central Russia, elements
of the 61st Army capture Pinsk, while the 31st Army crosses the Niemen River
at Grodno.
In southern Russia, elements of the 1st Belorussian Front begin an attack
against the northern flank of the 4th Panzer Army.
July 15th - In northern Russia, the 10th Guards Army
captures the town of Opochka.
In southern Russia, the 3rd Guards Tank and 4th Tank Armies are counterattacked
by the 46th and 48th Panzer Corps, respectively.
July 17th - In northern Russia, elements of the 3rd Baltic Front commence
operations against Army Group North, with the 1st Shock Army capturing Sebezh
and the 22nd Army liberating Osveya.
In southern Russia, the 1st Guards Tank Army crosses the River Bug near Sokal,
while the 4th Tank and 38th Armies are engaged in heavy fighting to the east
of Lvov.
July 18th - In Poland, elements of the 31st Army cross the East Prussian
border.
In southern Russia, the 1st Belorussian Front begins
the Lublin-Brest offensive against the 4th Panzer Army. The Polish 1st and
Russian 8th Guards Armies breach the German front north of Kovel. To the south,
the 1st Guards Army approaches Stanislav, and the 4th Tank Army captures Olshantsa.
The 13th and 38th Armies join up and surround elements of the 13th Corps near
Brody.
July 20th - In northern Russia, the 1st Shock Army breaches the front
of the German 18th Army near Ostrov.
In southern Russia, the 4th Panzer Army is forced to retreat as the 8th Guards
Army reaches the River Bug. A relief attack by the 48th Panzer Corps towards
the Brody Pocket fails.
In Germany, an attempt to assassinate Hitler by a group of German officers,
led by Claus Schenk von Stauffenberg, is thwarted. A bomb planted in the conference
room at Rastenburg narrowly fails to kill the Führer.
July 21st - In Finland, the 32nd Army reaches the Finnish border.
In northern Russia, the 1st Shock Army captures Ostrov.
In Poland, the 2nd Tank Army reaches the River Vistula.
In southern Russia, an attempt by the remnants of the 13th Corps to break
out of the Brody Pocket fails.
July 22nd - In northern Russia, the 42nd
Army captures Pskov while the 51st Army liberates Panevesus, as Army Group
North continues its withdrawal.
In Poland, the 2nd Tank Army captures Chelm.
In southern Russia, the remaining German forces in the Brody Pocket surrender.
July 23rd - In Poland, the 65th Army approaches Brest-Litovsk, while
the 8th Guards and 2nd Tank Armies enter Lublin and engage in fierce fighting
with elements of the 4th Panzer Army defending the city. The 1st Guards Tank
Army crosses the River San near Yaroslav.
July 24th - In Poland, the 1st Panzer Army begins to
withdraw from Lvov, while the 3rd Guards Tank Army liberates Yavorov.
July 25th - In northern Russia, the Narva Operational Group, in conjunction
with the 2nd Shock Army, launch an attack against the 3rd Panzer Corps and
force it to abandon Narva and withdraw westwards towards the Tannenberg Line.
In Poland, the 2nd Tank and Polish 1st Armies reach the Vistula River near
Deblin.
July 27th - In Latvia, the 4th Shock Army captures Daugavpils, while
the 10th Guards Army captures Rezekne.
In Lithuania, elements of the 3rd Panzer Army withdraw from Siauliai as the
town is captured by the 51st Army.
In Poland, the 28th, 65th and 70th Armies encircle the
German 2nd Army in Brest-Litovsk. The 69th Army reaches the Vistula River
at Pulawy.
July 29th - In Lithuania, the advance of the 51st Army from Siauliai
threatens to cut off the German 16th and 18th Armies in Latvia and Estonia,
while the 5th Army captures Vilnius.
In Poland, the 39th Panzer Corps launches a counter attack against the 2nd
Tank Army at Wolomin. The 3rd Guards Tank Army establishes a bridgehead over
the Vistula at Sandomierz.
July 30th - In Lithuania, the 5th Army battles its way into Kaunas.
In Poland, the 1st Guards Tank and 13th Armies cross the Vistula at Baranow.
July 31st - In Finland, the Karelian and Leningrad Fronts advance to
the Finnish border.
In Latvia, the 51st Army reaches the Baltic to the west of the city of Riga,
thus cutting off the German 16th and 18th Armies.
In Lithuania, the 5th Army captures Kaunas.
In Poland, the 47th Army captures Siedlce, while the 2nd Tank Army enters
the Praga suburb of Warsaw, where it is then counterattacked by the 39th and
4th SS Panzer Corps.
August
August 1st - In Finland, President Ryti
resigns, his place being taken by Marshal Mannerheim. The Finns hope this
will facilitate negotiations with the Russians.
In Poland, the Home Army begins its uprising in Warsaw, led by General Tadeusz
Komorowski.
August 2nd - The Home Army fails to capture Okacie airfield. Erich
von dem Bach-Zelewski is appointed commander of the German forces ordered
to crush the revolt in the city.
The 69th Army crosses the Vistula River at Pulawy.
August 4th - In Latvia, the encircled 16th Army launches an ineffectual
counterattack against the 51st Army at Jelgava.
In Poland, the Home Army now controls the Mokotow, Czerniakow, Powisle, Old
Town and Zoliborz districts of Warsaw.
August 5th - In Latvia, the 4th Shock Army is advances along the River
Dvina towards Riga, despite delaying actions being fought by elements of the
18th Army.
In Poland, the 19th Panzer Division launches a counterattack against the 8th
Guards Army in the Magnuszew bridgehead.
August 10th - In Poland, the 3rd and 48th
Armies cross the River Narew near Bialystok.
August 14th - In Latvia, the 3rd Panzer Army launches a counter attack
in the direction of Riga, pushing back elements of the 51st Army.
August 17th - In Latvia, the 16th Army supports 3rd Panzer Army by
attacking south of Jelgava. As a result, the 2nd Guards and 51st Armies are
thrown on to the defensive.
In eastern Prussia, the 33rd Army establishes a bridgehead over the River
Sesupe.
August 19th - In Latvia, the 3rd Shock Army is halted at the River
Oger, following a counter attack by elements of the German 18th Army.
In Romania, the 2nd and 3rd Ukrainian Fronts launch probing attacks around
Jassy and Tiraspol, in preparation for the Jassy-Kishinev Offensive. This
will be STAVKA's attempt to destroy German and Romanian forces in Romania,
capture the Ploesti oil fields and then move into Bulgaria.
The 2nd Ukrainian Front comprises the 4th Guards, 6th Tank, 7th, 27th, 40th,
52nd and 53rd Armies. The 3rd Ukrainian Front consists of the 5th Shock, 37th,
46th and 57th Armies.
German forces facing the offensive consist of Army Group South Ukraine. The
Army Group is comprised by the German 6th and 8th Armies and the Romanian
3rd and 4th Armies.
August 20th - The Jassy-Kishinev Offensive
begins. The 2nd Ukrainian Front launches heavy attacks against the Romanian
4th Army, rapidly breaching the forward positions of its 4th and 6th Corps
around Jassy.
The 3rd Ukrainian Front enjoys similar success, with elements of the 37th,
46th and 57th Armies breaking through the positions of the German 30th and
29th Corps, while the 5th Shock Army attacks the 52nd Corps at Kishinev.
August 21st - The 52nd Army captures Jassy, while the remnants of the
German 6th Army begin a general withdrawal to the River Prut.
August 22nd - In Romania, the 4th Guards and 52nd Armies have captured
Kastuleni and Ungeny, while the 46th Army has brushed aside the German 29th
Corps to drive deep into the German rear.
In response to impending military disaster, the Romanians depose Antonescu
and place him under arrest. Orders are issued to Romanian units to either
stop fighting, surrender to the Russians or disband and go home, many Romanian
units having already deserted en masse to the Red Army.
August 24th - In Romania, the link-up between the 37th and 52nd Armies
between Husi and Leovo completes the encirclement of the German 6th Army,
while Kishinev is captured by the 5th Shock Army.
August 25th - The Finnish Government agrees
armistice terms with Moscow, which are conditional with German forces leaving
Finnish territory by September the 15th.
In Estonia, Tartu is liberated by the 67th Army.
In Romania, the Government declares war on Germany and orders all German troops
to be disarmed and imprisoned.
August 29th - In Romania, Group Meith is destroyed, signalling the
collapse of the German 6th Army. Meanwhile the Russian 57th Army captures
Constanta, while the 46th Army liberates Buzau.
In Slovakia, widespread guerrilla activity by Slovak partisans against German
targets, results in the Germans moving troops into Slovakia. This action prompts
the outbreak of the Slovak national uprising.
In Hungary, Admiral Horthy removes the pro-Nazi Szotaj government and replaces
it with the pro-Soviet Lakatos regime.
August 30th - In Poland, the Home Army in Warsaw is forced out of the
Old Town, using the sewers to escape to the city centre and Zoliborz.
In Romania, the 2nd Ukrainian Front's 5th Mechanized Corps captures the Ploesti
oil fields.
August 31st - In Romania, the 53rd Army captures Bucharest, the Romanian
capital.
September
This
vehicle was introduced to replace the SU-85. It retained the same chassis
and superstructure as the SU-85, but was fitted with a 100mm D10-S gun. This
was a naval gun which was reengineered for use in the anti tank role.
September 2nd - The Finnish government
breaks off diplomatic relations with Germany and demands the exit of its forces
from the country by September the 15th.
September 4th - In Romania, elements of the 53rd Army
capture Brasov and Senaia and reach the River Danube at Turnu Severin.
September 5th - The Hungarian 2nd Army is involved in heavy fighting
against the Romanian 4th Army, which is now fighting alongside the Red Army
near Sibiu.
Russia declares war on Bulgaria, which surrenders immediately.
September 8th - In Poland, the 38th Army begins operations to break
through the Dukla Pass in the Carpathian mountains. The defending 1st Panzer
Army resists stubbornly.
September 14th - In Latvia, the Russians begin their Baltic Offensive
against the German 16th and 18th Armies between Riga and Narva.
The formations involved are the Leningrad Front's 2nd Shock, 8th and 59th
Armies, the 1st Baltic Front's 2nd Guards, 4th Shock, 6th Guards, 39th, 43rd
and 51st Armies, 2nd Baltic Front's 3rd Shock, 10th Guards and 22nd Armies
and the 3rd Baltic Front's 1st Shock, 42nd, 54th and 67th Armies.
September 16th - In Latvia, the 3rd Panzer
Army launches a counter attack against the 5th Guards and 51st Armies, aimed
at joining up with the 16th and 18th Armies. In conjunction, elements of the
16th Army also initiate counterattacks against the Russian 22nd Army at Dobele.
In Hungary, the Hungarian 2nd and German 8th Armies launch attacks against
the Romanian 4th and Russian 7th Guards and 40th Armies east of Cluj.
September 19th - In Estonia, the 2nd Shock and 8th Armies join together
to the northwest of Lake Peipus.
In Latvia, the 1st Shock Army captures Valk.
September 22nd - In Estonia, the 8th and 59th Armies capture Tallinn,
as the 3rd Panzer Army abandons its attack in support of the 16th and 18th
Armies.
September 23rd - In Estonia, the 2nd Shock Army captures Parnu.
September 24th - Inside Warsaw, the situation is becoming desperate
for the remnants of the Home Army, which are still fighting despite shortages
of food, ammunition and medical supplies.
Army Group North Ukraine is renamed Army Group A, while Army Group South Ukraine
becomes Army Group South.
September 28th - In Hungary, the Russians Belgrade offensive begins.
The 57th Army attacks from Vidin, but meets strong resistance from elements
of Army Group F.
October
October 2nd - All fighting in Warsaw is halted and the 63-day siege ends. The Polish Home Army finally surrenders, only after all its food and ammunition has run out. The Germans recognise their valour and treat the survivors not as Partisans, but as regular POW's.
October 5th - The 1st Baltic Front begins an offensive to the south of Riga in an effort to cut off Army Group North in Lithuania.
October 10th - The Russians reach the
Baltic at Memel, cutting off Army Group North in the Kurland pocket.
The
German Army puts down the rebellion against the Tiso government in Slovakia.
October 13th - Elements of the 3rd Shock
Army capture Riga, the capital of Latvia, as Army Group North withdraws in
to the Kurland pocket.
November
November 3rd - In Hungary, the 46th Army,
having defeated the 22nd SS Cavalry Division, enters the outer defences of
Budapest.
November 7th - In Hungary, the 57th Army crosses the River Danube near
Batina and Apatin, while the 4th Guards Army advances towards Lakes Velencei
and Balaton.
November 21st - In Hungary, the 46th Army finally establishes a bridgehead
on the Danube, at Csepel Island, and begins moving units across the river.
November 22nd - In Estonia, the Russian 8th Army clears Yezel Island
of enemy forces, bringing to an end the campaign in the Moonzund Islands.
November 26th - In Hungary, elements of the 6th Guards Tank Army capture
Hatvan.
December
December 2nd - In Hungary, with Budapest
and the Hungarian oil fields at Nagykanitza under threat, the 2nd Panzer Army
is deployed to the south of Lake Balaton, while the 6th Army is deployed to
the north between the lake and Hatvan and the German 8th Army farther north
near Miskolc.
December 5th - In Hungary, the 2nd Ukrainian Front's 6th Guards Tank,
7th Guards Armies and Group Pliev, launch an attack to the northeast of Budapest.
To the south of the city, the 46th Army forces a crossing of the River Danube.
December 9th - In Hungary, the 46th Army captures Ercsi, joining up
with the 4th Guards Army near Lake Velencei. The 6th Guards Tank Army reaches
the River Danube at Vac and repulses a counterattack by the Feldherrnhalle
and 13th Panzer Divisions.
December 13th - In Hungary, the 7th Guards Army is approaching the
northern suburbs of Budapest.
December 20th - In Hungary, the 6th Guards Army reaches the River Hron.
December 23rd - The 4th Guards and 46th Armies are approaching the
western outskirts of Budapest, after halting a counter attack by the 8th Panzer
Division.
December 27th - Russian forces capture Gran, completing the encirclement
of German and Hungarian units in Budapest. The garrison comprises the Hungarian
1st Corps and the German 11th SS Cavalry Corps, as well as elements of the
13th and the Feldherrnhalle Panzer Division's.